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Linux:Files and directories változata
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== Directories ==
<kivonat>ls ~ (*, ? []), pwd, tree, cd, mkdir, rmdir, rm, mv, mc</kivonat>

* Which directory is the current? <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ pwd
</code>
</megoldas>
* Move to the root directory!  <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ cd /
</code>
</megoldas>
* Go to your home directory!  <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ cd
</code>
</megoldas>
* Move to the system administrator's home directory (it couldn't be success because you don't have permission for it)!  <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ cd ~root
</code>
</megoldas>
* Move to the etc directory (it opens from the root dir)!  <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ cd /etc
</code>
</megoldas>
* Move one level up! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ cd ..
</code>
</megoldas>
* Show the content of the current directory! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ ls
</code>
</megoldas>
* Show the content of /etc and /var/log directories with one command (with details)! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ ls /etc /var/log
</code>
</megoldas>
* Move to your home directory! Create a new directory with name Test! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ cd
feri@aries:~$ mkdir Test
</code>
</megoldas>
* With one command, create two directories from the Test dir, their name should be T1 and T2! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ mkdir Test/T1 Test/T2
</code>
</megoldas>
* Draw the directory structure with the tree command! (Use it later for check yourself!)<megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ tree
</code>
</megoldas>
* With one command create 3 directories from the Test dir: Unix/Linux/Debian néven! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ mkdir -p Test/Unix/Linux/Debian
</code>
</megoldas>
* Rename the Debian directory to Deb! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ mv Test/Unix/Linux/Debian Test/Unix/Linux/Deb
</code>
</megoldas>
* Move the Deb directory to the T1! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ mv Test/Unix/Linux/Deb Test/T1
</code>
</megoldas>
* Destroy the T1 directory! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ rm -r Test/T1
</code>
</megoldas>
* With one command, remove the Test directory! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ rm -r Test
</code>
</megoldas>
* Show the content of the current directory! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ ls
</code>
</megoldas>
* Show the content of the /etc directory with details! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ ls -l /etc
</code>
</megoldas>
* Show the files with conf extension in the /etc directory! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ ls -l /etc/*.conf
</code>
</megoldas>
* Show files in the /etc directory which start with letter p! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ ls -l /etc/p*
</code>
</megoldas>
* Show the files in the /etc which last character is f! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ ls -l /etc/*f
</code>
</megoldas>
* Find a file in /etc which starts letter p, the its third character is s and last character is d! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ ls -l /etc/p?s*d
</code>
</megoldas>
* Show the content of your home directory with all hidden files! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ ls -la ~
</code>
</megoldas>
* Show files in the /etc directory which have a or n character in their second position! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ ls -l /etc/?[an]*
</code>
</megoldas>
* Show all files in the /etc directory which have no a or n in their second position! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ ls -l /etc/?[^an]*
</code>
</megoldas>
* Show all files in the filesystem (it runs for a long time, you can stop it by pressing CTRL-C)! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ ls -lR /
</code>
</megoldas>
* Run the Midnight Commaner! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ mc
</code>
</megoldas>
* If you want try to solve all tasks above with the Commander!

== File handling ==
<kivonat>touch, cp, mv, rm, cat, file, TODO: touch.</kivonat>
<rightBox>
 Exercise
  |
  |--Letter
  |  |
  |  |--test
  |  |  |---unix
  |  |
  |  |--Linux
  |
  |--Check
     |--Tmp
</rightBox>
* Create this directory structure! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ mkdir -p Exercise/Letter/test/unix
feri@aries:~$ mkdir -p Exercise/Letter/Linux
feri@aries:~$ mkdir -p Exercise/Check/tmp
</code>
</megoldas>
* Move to the /etc directory! Show all directories opened from here with the tree command! (Do not show files!) <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ cd /etc
feri@aries:~$ tree -d
</code>
</megoldas>
* Copy the passwd file from the /etc to the Letter directory! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ cp /etc/passwd ~/Exercise/Letter
</code>
</megoldas>
* Copy the shadow file from the /etc to the test dir! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ cp /etc/shadow ~/Exercise/Letter/test
</code>
</megoldas>
* Copy all files with conf extension from the /etc to the Linux directory! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ cp /etc/*.conf ~/Exercise/Letter/Linux
</code>
</megoldas>
* Copy all files from the /etc which has a in second, s in the fourth position and its last character is d to the Check directory! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ cp /etc/?a?s*d ~/Exercise/Check
</code>
</megoldas>
* Move the full content of the Test to the Linux! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ mv ~/Exercise/Letter/test ~/Exercise/Letter/Linux
</code>
</megoldas>
* Create a new file in the Check directory with name Data.txt! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ touch ~/Exercise/Check/Data.txt
</code>
</megoldas>
* Delete all files from the Linux directory! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ rm ~/Exercise/Letter/Linux/*
</code>
</megoldas>
* Remove the Letter dir! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ rm -r ~/Exercise/Letter
</code>
</megoldas>
* Show the content of the /etc/passwd  file! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ cat /etc/passwd
</code>
</megoldas>
* What kind of content do these files have: /bin/bash, /etc/passwd, /var/log/syslog! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ file /bin/bash
feri@aries:~$ file /etc/passwd
feri@aries:~$ file /var/log/syslog
</code>
</megoldas>

== Linkek ==
<kivonat>ln, readlink</kivonat>
* Create again the Letter directory and copy the /etc/passwd file into it!<megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ mkdir -p ~/Exercise/Letter
feri@aries:~$ cp /etc/passwd ~/Exercise/Letter
</code>
</megoldas>
* Check the number of links of the passwd file in the Letter dir! Create a new hardlink to that with name Hozzon létre egy hardlinket erre a fájlra passwordFile! Show the content of the passwordFile! How did the number of links chaged?  <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ cd ~/Exercise/Letter
feri@aries:~$ ls -l
feri@aries:~$ ln passwd passwordFile
feri@aries:~$ ls -l passwd
</code>
</megoldas>
* Remove the passwd file in the Letter dir! Check the number of links! Are you able to show the content of the passwordFile? <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ rm passwd
feri@aries:~$ ls -l
feri@aries:~$ cat passwordFile
</code>
</megoldas>
* Rename the passwordFile to passwd-re! Create a softlink which points to this file with name softLinkFile.txt! <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ mv passwordFile passwd
feri@aries:~$ ln -s passwd softLinkFile.txt
</code>
</megoldas>
* How long is that file? Why?  <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ ls -l
</code>
</megoldas>
* Show the content of the softLinkFile.txt file!  <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ cat softLinkFile.txt
</code>
</megoldas>
* Show the content of this directory! How can you recognise it was a softlink? <megoldas>
<code lang="bash">
feri@aries:~$ ls -l
</code>
</megoldas>
Vissza a(z) Linux:Files and directories laphoz.
A lap eredeti címe: „http://wiki.koczka.hu/index.php/Linux:Files_and_directories”
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