A lap jelenlegi, 2019. május 18., 12:19-kori változata

Gyakorlat =

• A fenti ábrának megfelelően a hálózat tartalmazzon egy munkállomást és egy szervert!
• A router DHCP-n adjon hálózati paramétereket a munkaállomásnak!
• A szerver IP címe legyen 192.168.0.10, ezt a router nem oszthatja ki munkaállomás számára!
• Készítsünk webszervert, amely a nevünket jeleníti meg!
• Készítsünk DNS szervert, amely a www.facebook.com névvel jeleníti meg ezt a weboldalt!
• Készítsünk alternatív DHCP szervert!

Switch beállítása

Alap beállítások, jelszavak meghatározása, host nevének beállítása.

Switch>ena
Switch#conf term
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#enable password pass1
Switch(config)#enable secret pass2
Switch(config)#hostname telephely-1
telephely-1(config)#banner motd #
Enter TEXT message.  End with the character '#'.
Beszerzes telephely switch Cisco2560
#
telephely-1(config)# exit

IP cím beállítása 192.168.1.5/24-re:

 telephely-1#conf term
 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
 telephely-1(config)#interface vlan1
 telephely-1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0
 telephely-1(config-if)#no shutdown 
 telephely-1(config-if)#exit

Konfiguráció mentése:

telephely-1>ena
Password: 
telephely-1#copy running-config startup-config 
Destination filename [startup-config]? 
Building configuration...
[OK]

Konfiguráció mentése TFTP szerverre:

 telephely-1#copy running-config tftp:
 Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.2
 Destination filename [telephely-1-confg]? 
 running-config....!!
 [OK - 1220 bytes]
 bytes copied in 3.016 secs (404 bytes/sec)

Gyakorlat

Router: 2901 NM-1FE-FX

Munkaállomások:

• 192.168.1.10/24, GW: 192.168.1.1
• 192.168.2.10/24, GW: 192.168.2.1

 Switch>
 Switch>ena
 Switch#conf term
 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
 Switch(config)#enable password pass1
 Switch(config)#enable secret pass2
 Switch(config)#banner motd #
 Enter TEXT message.  End with the character '#'.
 Hello, ez a teszt router
 #
 Switch(config)#hostname router-1
 router-1(config)#exit
 router-1(config)#exit

 Press RETURN to get started.

 Hello, ez a teszt router
 router-1>enable
 Password: <pass2>

 router-1#sh int
 FastEthernet0/1 is down, line protocol is down (disabled)
   Hardware is Lance, address is 0060.3ee9.7601 (bia 0060.3ee9.7601)
  BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec,
      reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
   Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
   Keepalive set (10 sec)
   Half-duplex, 100Mb/s
   input flow-control is off, output flow-control is off
   ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
   Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never
   Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
   Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
   Queueing strategy: fifo
   Output queue :0/40 (size/max)
   5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
   5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
      956 packets input, 193351 bytes, 0 no buffer
      Received 956 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
      0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
      0 watchdog, 0 multicast, 0 pause input
      0 input packets with dribble condition detected
      2357 packets output, 263570 bytes, 0 underruns
      0 output errors, 0 collisions, 10 interface resets
      0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
      0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
      0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

 router-1#conf term
 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
 router-1(config)#int fa0/0
 router-1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 router-1(config-if)#no shutdown
 router-1(config-if)#description A-Epulet
 router-1(config-if)#exit

 router-1(config)#int fa0/1
 router-1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
 router-1(config-if)#no sh
 router-1(config-if)#description C-Epulet
 router-1(config-if)#exit

 router-1(config)#exit
 router-1#sh ip int brief
 Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
 FastEthernet0/0        192.168.1.1     YES manual up                    up
 FastEthernet0/1        192.168.2.1     YES manual up                    up
 Vlan1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
 router-1#

(gép pingeljen)

 router-1#conf term
 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
 router-1(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 FastEthernet0/0
 router-1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 FastEthernet0/1
 router-1(config-if)#exit

 router-1>sh ip route
 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
        i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
        * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
        P - periodic downloaded static route
 Gateway of last resort is not set
 C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
 C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

Második rész

 router-1>ena
 Password:
 router-1# sh run

 router-1#copy run sta
 Destination filename [startup-config]?
 Building configuration...
 [OK]

 router-1#reload
 Proceed with reload? [confirm]

 router-1>ping 192.168.1.2
 Type escape sequence to abort.
 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
 .....
 Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

 router-1>ping 192.168.1.10
 Type escape sequence to abort.
 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
 .!!!!
 Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/0/0 ms

Default Router

 router-1>ena
 Password:

 router-1#conf term
 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
 router-1(config)#int fa1/0
 router-1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
 router-1(config-if)#no sh
 router-1(config-if)#Description default route
 router-1(config-if)#exit

 router-1#conf term
 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
 router-1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.2

2801 NM-1FE-FX

 Router>sh ip int brief
 Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
 FastEthernet0/0        unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
 FastEthernet0/1        unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
 FastEthernet1/0        unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
 Vlan1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

 Router>ena
 Router#conf term
 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
 Router(config)#int fa1/0
 Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
 Router(config-if)#no sh
 Router(config-if)#description ISP router
 Router(config-if)#exit

Eger pingeli a miskolci routert

 Router#ping 10.0.0.1
 Type escape sequence to abort.
 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
 !!!!!
 Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/0/1 ms

 Router#conf term
 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
 Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1
 Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1

 Router>ping 192.168.2.10
 Type escape sequence to abort.
 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
 .!!!!
 Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/15/58 ms

Munkaállomásról pingeljük Miskolcot:

 C:\>ping 10.0.0.2
 Pinging 10.0.0.2 with 32 bytes of data:
 Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254
 Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=254
 Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254
 Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=254
 Ping statistics for 10.0.0.2:
   Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
   Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

DHCP szerver

 R1>ena
 R1#conf term
 R1(config)# ip dhcp pool NET-POOL
 R1(dhcp-config)# network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
 R1(dhcp-config)# default-router 192.168.1.1
 R1(dhcp-config)# dns-server 192.168.1.10
 R1(dhcp-config)# domain-name uni-eszterhazy.hu
 R1(dhcp-config)# exit
 R1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1

 Router>sh ip dhcp binding
 IP address       Client-ID/              Lease expiration        Type
                  Hardware address
 192.168.1.3      0001.96B7.CB54           --                     Automatic

 R1#conf term
 R1(config)# ip dhcp pool NET-POOL
 R1(dhcp-config)# network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
 R1(dhcp-config)# default-router 192.168.2.1
 R1(dhcp-config)# dns-server 192.168.2.10
 R1(dhcp-config)# domain-name uni-eszterhazy.hu
 R1(dhcp-config)# exit
 R1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.2.1 

 Router>sh ip dhcp binding
 IP address       Client-ID/              Lease expiration        Type
                  Hardware address
 192.168.1.3      0001.96B7.CB54           --                     Automatic
 192.168.2.2      0001.427A.B2D0           --                     Automatic
     Type
                  Hardware address
 192.168.1.3      0001.96B7.CB54           --                     Automatic

RIP

 Router>ena
 Router#conf term
 Router(config)#hostname R1
 R1 (config)#int fa0/0
 R1 (config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 R1 (config-if)#no sh
 R1 (config-if)#exit
 R1 (config)#int fa1/0
 R1 (config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
 R1 (config-if)#no sh
 R1 (config-if)#exit

 Router>ena
 Router#conf term
 Router(config)#hostname R2
 R2 (config)#int fa0/0
 R2 (config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
 R2 (config-if)#no sh
 R2 (config-if)#exit
 R2 (config)#int fa1/0
 R2 (config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
 R2 (config-if)#no sh
 R2 (config-if)#exit

Állítsuk be a DHCP szervereket!

 R1#conf term
 R1(config)# ip dhcp pool NET-POOL
 R1(dhcp-config)# network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
 R1(dhcp-config)# default-router 192.168.1.1
 R1(dhcp-config)# dns-server 192.168.1.10
 R1(dhcp-config)# domain-name uni-eszterhazy.hu
 R1(dhcp-config)# exit
 R1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 

 R2#conf term
 R2(config)# ip dhcp pool NET-POOL
 R2(dhcp-config)# network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
 R2(dhcp-config)# default-router 192.168.2.1
 R2(dhcp-config)# dns-server 192.168.1.10
 R2(dhcp-config)# domain-name uni-eszterhazy.hu
 R2(dhcp-config)# exit
 R2(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.2.1 

Próbáljuk meg pingelni 192.168.2.2-ről 192.168.2.1-et! Sajnos nem működik.

 R1(config)#router rip
 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
 R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
 R1(config-router)# version 2

 R2(config)#router rip
 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
 R2(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
 R2(config-router)# version 2

Lássuk a routing táblát, látható, hogy RIP protokollon bekerült egy-egy újabb routing sor mindkét router esetében.

 R1>sh ip route
 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
      10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
 C       10.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
 C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
 R    192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:15, FastEthernet1/0

 R2>sh ip route
 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
 Gateway of last resort is not set
      10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
 C       10.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
 R    192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:29, FastEthernet1/0
 C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

Így pingelhető a másik munkaállomás:

 C:\>ping 192.168.1.2
 Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
 Request timed out.
 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126

 Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2:
     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms