Directories

• Which directory is the current one?

feri@aries:~$ pwd

• Move to the root directory!

feri@aries:~$ cd /

• Go to your home directory!

feri@aries:~$ cd

• Move to the system administrator's home directory (it couldn't be success because you don't have permission for it)!

feri@aries:~$ cd ~root

• Move to the etc directory (it opens from the root dir)!

feri@aries:~$ cd /etc

• Move one level up!

feri@aries:~$ cd ..

• Show the content of the current directory!

feri@aries:~$ ls

• Show the content of /etc and /var/log directories with one command (with details)!

feri@aries:~$ ls /etc /var/log

• Move to your home directory! Create a new directory with name Test!

feri@aries:~$ cd
feri@aries:~$ mkdir Test

• With one command, create two directories from the Test dir, their name should be T1 and T2!

feri@aries:~$ mkdir Test/T1 Test/T2

• Draw the directory structure with the tree command! (Use it later for check yourself!)

feri@aries:~$ tree

• With one command create 3 directories from the Test dir: Unix/Linux/Debian néven!

feri@aries:~$ mkdir -p Test/Unix/Linux/Debian

• Rename the Debian directory to Deb!

feri@aries:~$ mv Test/Unix/Linux/Debian Test/Unix/Linux/Deb

• Move the Deb directory to the T1!

feri@aries:~$ mv Test/Unix/Linux/Deb Test/T1

• Destroy the T1 directory!

feri@aries:~$ rm -r Test/T1

• With one command, remove the Test directory!

feri@aries:~$ rm -r Test

• Show the content of the current directory!

feri@aries:~$ ls

• Show the content of the /etc directory with details!

feri@aries:~$ ls -l /etc

• Show the files with conf extension in the /etc directory!

feri@aries:~$ ls -l /etc/*.conf

• Show files in the /etc directory which start with letter p!

feri@aries:~$ ls -l /etc/p*

• Show the files in the /etc which last character is f!

feri@aries:~$ ls -l /etc/*f

• Find a file in /etc which starts letter p, the its third character is s and last character is d!

feri@aries:~$ ls -l /etc/p?s*d

• Show the content of your home directory with all hidden files!

feri@aries:~$ ls -la ~

• Show files in the /etc directory which have a or n character in their second position!

feri@aries:~$ ls -l /etc/?[an]*

• Show all files in the /etc directory which have no a or n in their second position!

feri@aries:~$ ls -l /etc/?[^an]*

• Show all files in the filesystem (it runs for a long time, you can stop it by pressing CTRL-C)!

feri@aries:~$ ls -lR /

• Run the Midnight Commaner!

feri@aries:~$ mc

• If you want try to solve all tasks above with the Commander!

File handling

Exercise
 |
 |--Letter
 |  |
 |  |--test
 |  |  |---unix
 |  |
 |  |--Linux
 |
 |--Check
    |--Tmp

• Create this directory structure!

feri@aries:~$ mkdir -p Exercise/Letter/test/unix
feri@aries:~$ mkdir -p Exercise/Letter/Linux
feri@aries:~$ mkdir -p Exercise/Check/tmp

• Move to the /etc directory! Show all directories opened from here with the tree command! (Do not show files!)

feri@aries:~$ cd /etc
feri@aries:~$ tree -d

• Copy the passwd file from the /etc to the Letter directory!

feri@aries:~$ cp /etc/passwd ~/Exercise/Letter

• Copy the shadow file from the /etc to the test dir!

feri@aries:~$ cp /etc/shadow ~/Exercise/Letter/test

• Copy all files with conf extension from the /etc to the Linux directory!

feri@aries:~$ cp /etc/*.conf ~/Exercise/Letter/Linux

• Copy all files from the /etc which has a in second, s in the fourth position and its last character is d to the Check directory!

feri@aries:~$ cp /etc/?a?s*d ~/Exercise/Check

• Move the full content of the Test to the Linux!

feri@aries:~$ mv ~/Exercise/Letter/test ~/Exercise/Letter/Linux

• Create a new file in the Check directory with name Data.txt!

feri@aries:~$ touch ~/Exercise/Check/Data.txt

• Delete all files from the Linux directory!

feri@aries:~$ rm ~/Exercise/Letter/Linux/*

• Remove the Letter dir!

feri@aries:~$ rm -r ~/Exercise/Letter

• Show the content of the /etc/passwd file!

feri@aries:~$ cat /etc/passwd

• What kind of content do these files have: /bin/bash, /etc/passwd, /var/log/syslog!

feri@aries:~$ file /bin/bash
feri@aries:~$ file /etc/passwd
feri@aries:~$ file /var/log/syslog

Linkek

• Create again the Letter directory and copy the /etc/passwd file into it!

feri@aries:~$ mkdir -p ~/Exercise/Letter
feri@aries:~$ cp /etc/passwd ~/Exercise/Letter

• Check the number of links of the passwd file in the Letter dir! Create a new hardlink to that with name Hozzon létre egy hardlinket erre a fájlra passwordFile! Show the content of the passwordFile! How did the number of links chaged?

feri@aries:~$ cd ~/Exercise/Letter
feri@aries:~$ ls -l
feri@aries:~$ ln passwd passwordFile
feri@aries:~$ ls -l passwd

• Remove the passwd file in the Letter dir! Check the number of links! Are you able to show the content of the passwordFile?

feri@aries:~$ rm passwd
feri@aries:~$ ls -l
feri@aries:~$ cat passwordFile

• Rename the passwordFile to passwd-re! Create a softlink which points to this file with name softLinkFile.txt!

feri@aries:~$ mv passwordFile passwd
feri@aries:~$ ln -s passwd softLinkFile.txt

• How long is that file? Why?

feri@aries:~$ ls -l

• Show the content of the softLinkFile.txt file!

feri@aries:~$ cat softLinkFile.txt

• Show the content of this directory! How can you recognise it was a softlink?

feri@aries:~$ ls -l